O’Sullivan, Ronan James
Nordfors, Ulla
Saari, Nelli-Johanna
Majander, Kerttu
Taavitsainen, Jussi-Pekka
Salo, Kati
Rohrlach, Adam B.
Salmela, Elina
Lamnidis, Thiseas C.
Traverso, Luca
Krause, Johannes
Peltola, Sanni
Onkamo, Päivi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kuopion Luonnon Ystäväin Yhdistys
Research Council of Finland (352727)
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö (160003)
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Article History
Received: 19 January 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Permissions to use ancient DNA samples for this study have been given by the Finnish Heritage Agency. The human remains were handled with respect and in accordance with applicable ethical guidelines, institutional policies, and relevant legislation.
Competing interests: All authors declare that they do not have any competing interests.