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Article History

Received: 1 September 2024

Accepted: 24 February 2025

First Online: 27 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This study will adhere to the standards set by the International Conference on Harmonization, as well as regulations from the Research Ethics Committee, any relevant government regulations, and local procedures. The protocol is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg/Germany (ID S-033/2024). Any proposed changes will be submitted to the ethical committee for approval of the study conduct. Prior to the study, all residents must give verbal and written consent after they have been informed about the clinical study in an understandable manner. According to German law, only one physician may conduct the interview with the study participant. The participant receives a copy of the signed information and consent form. Study participants can withdraw from the study at any time without giving reasons if they are not willing to take part in the study. In this case, participants can decide whether their previously documented data should be deleted immediately and not be used or utilized.

: Due to German law, access to participant-level information is restricted. Informed consent is obtained from the residents. If desired, the original consent form can be requested by the corresponding author.

: The Department of Anesthesiology at Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, and its employees did not receive any compensation for this work. The authors declare no financial resources or competing interests. None of the authors have financial interests or received honoraria or paid expert testimony on this topic. The results of this study will be presented at conferences and disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.