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Authors
Curtis, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-0348
Considine, Julie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-2456
Lam, Mary K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9451-8203
Wiseman, Taneal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-0284
McPhail, Steven https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-662X
Jones, Tamsin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-377X
Mulholland, Bridie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-5811
Trostian, Baylie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-3736
Wright, Kylie
Kourouche, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-6191
Kennedy, Belinda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-7230
Clements, Alana
Melville, Geoffrey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-6853
Ashford, Bruce https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-6611
Brereton, Christopher J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-702X
Bartlett, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-7698
Wand, Timothy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-7014
Pettigrew, Christopher https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9627-6663
Zeitz, Kathryn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-9732
Mitchell, Rebecca J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-5449
Shetty, Amith https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-1128
Lingam, Maria
Saddington, Emma
O’Reilly, Gerard https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-917X
Smith, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-435X
Watts, Michael
Shaban, Ramon Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-0557
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health and Medical Research Council (2037072)
HCF Research Foundation
Thyne Reid Foundation
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: This research has been approved by the WSLHD HREC: 2024/ETH02575 on the 19 th of December 2024. This trial is sponsored by the University of Sydney. Any modifications to the protocol will be submitted to the ethics committee and trial sponsor for review and approval. A waiver of consent has been approved to secure access to inpatient health data and nursing documentation as obtaining consent from all inpatients for their health information to be included in the study is impracticable, and an incomplete data set will substantially impair the research by introducing bias and reducing the validity and generalisability of the research. Furthermore, the proposed research involves no more than low risk to participants, with sufficient protection of their privacy, and a plan to protect the confidentiality of data. The waiver approves access to retrospective data collection from the health record of inpatients. Standard informed consent will be obtained for all other means of data collection (Supplement 4).
: Model consent forms relating specifically to participation in focus groups and surveys for this are included in the supplementary materials (Supplement 3 and 4).
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
