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Authors
Olgemöller, Paulina M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-3567
Kalbe, Elke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-2545
van der Linden, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-4638
Barbe, Michael T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-8054
Hellmich, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-928X
Folkerts, Ann-Kristin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-140X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stadapharm GmbH
Universitätsklinikum Köln
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2024
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures were approved by the Ethics Commission of Cologne University’s Faculty of Medicine, reference number 22-1241_1. Written informed consent to participate is obtained from all participants. Participation is voluntary, and subjects are free to leave the study at any time.
: A model consent form will be available upon request from the corresponding author.
: P. M. O. reports no competing interests. A. K. F. has received grants from the German Parkinson Society, the German Alzheimer’s Society, the German Parkinson Foundation, STADApharm GmbH, and the General Joint Committee Germany as well as honoraria from Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; Springer-Verlag GmbH, Berlin; ProLog WISSEN GmbH, Cologne, Germany; Seminar- und Fortbildungszentrum Rheine, Germany; LOGOMANIA, Fendt & Sax GbR, Munich, Germany; LOGUAN, Ulm, Germany; dbs e.V., Moers, Germany; STADApharm GmbH, Bad Vilbel, Germany; NEUROPSY, St. Konrad, Austria; Multiple Sclerosis Society Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Gossweiler Foundation, Bern, Switzerland. A. K. F. is one of the authors of the cognitive intervention series “NEUROvitalis” but receives no corresponding honoraria. E. K. has received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research, General Joint Committee, Germany, the German Parkinson Society, and STADApharm GmbH, honoraria from AbbVie GmbH Germany and memodio GmbH Germany, and license fees from ProLog GmbH, Germany. E. K. is one of the authors of the cognitive intervention series “NEUROvitalis” but receives no corresponding honoraria. C. v. d. L. was supported by the Cologne Clinician Scientist Program (CCSP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne. M. T. B. received speaker’s honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott (formerly St. Jude), FomF, GE Medical, UCB, Bial, Apothekerverband Köln e.V., BDN, and Esteve; research funding from the Felgenhauer-Stiftung, Forschungspool Klinische Studien (University of Cologne), Horizon 2020 (Gondola), Medtronic (ODIS, OPEL, BeAble), and Boston Scientific; and advisory honoraria for the IQWiG, Medtronic, Esteve, and AbbVie.
