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Authors
Xu, Fangsheng
Cui, Yuanyuan
Wang, Zhengle
Wu, Feng
Zhang, Wei
Liu, Rongguang
Xu, Yuan
Tang, Jian
Pu, Jianfeng
Wang, Meifang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Anesthesia Medical Star' Science and Technology Project (2024MZ-Q07)
Beijing Hairun Public Welfare Foundation Project (BJ-HR-20231142)
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study protocol (Version 1.0, dated January 26, 2025) has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital (Approval No. 2024-KY-ZX36). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. The consent process will be conducted by trained investigators using clear, nontechnical language, and participants will be given sufficient time to ask questions and consider their participation. If a participant lacks the capacity to consent, a legally authorized representative will provide consent on their behalf.
: All authors have consented to the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
