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Persistent carry-over in a two-period randomised crossover design for behavioural interventions without the expectation of return to baseline after intervention cessation

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-09358-9

Published Online: 2025-12-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kulnik, Stefan Tino https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-6713
Carrozzo, Anna Eleonora

Crutzen, Rik
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Salzburger Landesregierung (20204-WISS/263/6-6022)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-04

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Article History

Received: 4 August 2025

Accepted: 28 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Human data presented in this article were collected following individual informed consent from study participants. Ethical approval was granted by the ethics committees of the federal states of Salzburg (reference 1065/2023) and Vorarlberg (reference EK-2-14/2023).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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