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Authors
Sikorski, Vilbert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-7550
Nummi, Annu
Kuuva, Aleksi
Wilkman, Erika
Rajala, Helena
Stewart, Juhani
Junttila, Juhani
Lindgren, Kai
Kervinen, Kari
Teittinen, Kari
Kohonen, Katja
Oksaharju, Kati
Okkonen, Marjo
Holmström, Miia
Lehtinen, Miia
Mulari, Severi
Taskinen, Panu
Simonen, Piia
Karvonen, Päivi
Kastell, Päivi
Kärjä-Koskenkari, Päivi
Kandolin, Riina
Kesävuori, Risto
Kaarlenkaski, Sari
Vaara, Satu
Dahlbacka, Sebastian
Syrjälä, Simo
Syväranta, Suvi
Juvonen, Tatu
Erkinaro, Tiina
Mäkelä, Tuomas
Karjalainen, Pasi
Kankuri, Esko
Vento, Antti
Nykänen, Antti
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sydäntutkimussäätiö (200174)
Sydäntutkimussäätiö (200196)
Sydäntutkimussäätiö (220094)
Government-allocated block grants to specialty area (TYH2023339)
Government-allocated block grants to specialty area (TYH2021346)
Aarne Koskelon Säätiö (2020)
Ida Montinin Säätiö (20210362)
Emil Aaltosen Säätiö (210212K)
Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö (3857)
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2024
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The trial protocol has been approved by the ethics review board at Helsinki University Hospital (HUS; Dnr. HUS/12322/2022), and the Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea (FIMEA; Dnr. FIMEA/2023/004090). The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05632432). The trial will be conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [ ]. The cardiac surgeon part of the trial obtains the informed consent from the participants after sufficient information orally and in verbatim has been provided with adequate time for making this consent. No trial procedure is performed prior to obtaining the consent from the participant.
: Not applicable.
: E.K. and A.Nu. are stakeholders in EpiHeart Oy. A.K. is the Chief Engineer at EpiHeart Oy, which provides dedicated CE-marked instrumentation kits to support tissue processing in the operating room for AAMs’ patch assembly. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose. Large language models (LLMs) or other artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools were not utilized in any phase of the preparation of this manuscript.
