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Authors
Wen, Sha
Zhu, Shiqiang
Wang, Jingkai
Ma, Wenjun
Ma, Qi
Lin, Ruizhu
Jing, Huiming
Zhu, Ning https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-702X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Key Research and Development Project of the Science and Technology Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2022BEG02047)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol and informed consent documents received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University on 1 April 2024 (Approval No.KYLL-2024–0226). Prior to trial participation, written informed consent will be obtained from all participants along with legally authorized representatives or guardians.
: All research participants were explicitly informed of, and consented to, the publication of study outcomes. This agreement expressly prohibits the disclosure of any individually identifiable information or personal health details in accordance with institutional privacy protocols and international data protection standards.
: The authors disclose no competing interests, whether financial or non-financial, that could influence the design, execution, or interpretation of the reported research findings.
