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Authors
Adebajo, Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8044
Lascko, Taylor
Lavoie, Marie-Claude C.
Ehoche, Akipu
Mutumba, Chester
Aernan, Nicholas Shima
Nganga, Nathan
Njoroge, Benson
Chinseu, Philip Daniel
Gichuki, Richard
Ayorinde, Olawole
Aghedo, Ojore Godday
Sambambi, Kennedy
Ndalumbira, Gift
Ngulube, Maria Chinoko
Chama, John
Shoyemi, Elizabeth
Trapence, Gift
Kimani, Joshua
Claassen, Cassidy W.
Sam-Agudu, Nadia A.
Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
Charurat, Man
,
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health (1UG1HD113162)
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC/01/01/2007), Amref Ethics and Scientific Review Committee of Kenya (ESRC P1659/2024), the National Health Research Committee, Malawi (4452), the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (5011–2024); and the University of Maryland Baltimore IRB [HP-00107323]. All participants gave their written informed consent to participate in this research project.
: Written informed consent for publication of participant details was obtained from the study participants.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare.
