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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 21 March 2026

First Online: 10 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was awarded from the University of Kent’s Tizard Centre Ethics Committee on the 17th April 2023 (ref: 0817). This covered the recruitment of educational settings providing settings to children and young people under the age of 16. The full ethical approval submission was sent to the Health Sciences Research Governance Committee, University of York, and the submission was acknowledged and logged by the committee Chair on 23rd May 2023, as per committee procedures for externally reviewed research. NHS REC approval was awarded by London - Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 24/LO/0415, date: 24th June 2024) and Scotland A REC (Ref: 24/SS/0059, date: 30th July 2024) to enable us to recruit participants aged 16–25 years who lack capacity to consent for themselves in England, Wales and Scotland. REC approval superseded university-level ethical approval and became the primary research governance for the trial for its duration. Written, informed consent to participate will be obtained on behalf of all participating children and young people from a parent or carer; for children aged 16 years or over, this will be in the capacity of a consultee. For looked-after children, additional consent from the local authority will be obtained where a care order is in place.

: Not applicable; we have not included any details, images or videos relating to an individual person.

: CH is Chair of the NIHR HTA General Committee (2023–). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.