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Authors
Hawk, Larry W. Jr. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-9746
Schnoll, Robert A.
Dahne, Jennifer
Carpenter, Matthew J.
Cropsey, Karen L.
Wilding, Gregory E.
Duerr, CeCe
Allen, Caitlin G.
Nghiem, Van T.
Shelton, Rachel C.
Boccardo, Joseph
Foster, Casey D.
Mahoney, Martin C.
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate {30}: The University at Buffalo Institutional Review Board (IRB; Federalwide Assurance ID#: FWA00008824) has approved all RCT 1 study procedures and materials, including the informed consent form and the study protocol (Study ID: 00008797: RISE Above Smoking), both of which are included in Supplemental Material (Supplements 3 and 4). All participants provide oral consent at phone screen and written informed consent at the Intake Visit.
Consent for publication: Not applicable—we have not included any baseline or pilot data, nor any details, images, or videos relating to an individual person.
Competing interests {7b}: LWH, RAS, KLC, GEW, CD, CGA, VTN, JB, RCS, CDF, and MCM declare that they have no competing interests. JD is a co-owner of Remote Trial Solutions, LLC and of Behavioral Activation Tech, LLC. Remote Trial Solutions, LLC is a small business that develops products to support the conduct of remote trials. Behavioral Activation Tech, LLC is a small business that develops digital interventions for behavioral health treatment. Remote Trial Solutions, LLC and Behavioral Activation Tech, LLC were not involved in the development of this manuscript. In the past three years, MJC has served as a paid expert consultant in litigation involving trade disputes involving e-cigarette manufacturers, and separately as an expert consultant to Eli Lilly.
