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Article History

Received: 7 December 2025

Accepted: 19 June 2026

First Online: 30 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures were prospectively reviewed and approved by the local animal ethics committee and continuously monitored (Regierungspraesidium Darmstadt, approval number FU/2054). The study adhered to the ARRIVE guidelines [ ] for animal research. All staff involved were trained and certified in laboratory animal care (FELASA-B).

: Not applicable.

: FL reports speakers’ honoraria from Laerdal. FOB reports speakers’ honoraria, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Laerdal, Medtronic Pfizer, Alexion, Boehringer Ingelheim and Stryker Neurovascular. AM and DC are employees and shareholders of AstraZeneca.