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Article History

Received: 15 March 2025

Accepted: 2 June 2025

First Online: 9 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants or animals and therefore did not require ethical approval in that regard. However, the collection of plant material for research purposes was reviewed and approved by the Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in accordance with institutional guidelines and ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.