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Article History

Received: 1 February 2025

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Because of employing E. bieneusi sample from human cases, this project was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, (IR.SBMU.RIGLD.REC.1399.044). The samples were purified DNA, which had been stored in the sample bank of the Parasitology, Mycology, and Water Research Lab, Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. However, informed consent had been obtained from participants or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16 and sampling followed the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Corresponding authors affirm that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.

: The authors declare no competing interests.