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Authors
Eid, Sherif M.
Elsherbiny, Menna S.
Abbas, Mahmoud M.
Abdel Ghany, Maha F.
Kelani, Khadiga M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
6 October University
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: No human or animal subjects were involved in this study. The wastewater samples were collected from publicly accessible municipal discharge points, where no specific permissions, licenses, or ethical approval were required according to institutional or national regulations. The sampling process complied with all relevant environmental and safety guidelines. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate were not applicable for this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
