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Authors
Abbas, Ahmed Emad F.
Talib, Nisreen F. Abo
Elghobashy, Mohamed R.
Al kamaly, Omkulthom
Halim, Michael K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2026R917)
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: The present investigation did not involve direct human recruitment, clinical intervention, or prospective collection of biological specimens. Drug-free human plasma was procured as a commercially available biospecimen from the Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt. In accordance with Article 3 of the Egyptian Clinical Research Law No. 214 (2020), as well as VACSERA institutional policies governing secondary use of anonymized biological materials, analytical studies utilizing commercially sourced, de-identified plasma samples for methodological development purposes are exempt from prior ethical committee approval and individual informed consent requirements. All experimental procedures were performed in alignment with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
