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Authors
Kelani, Khadiga M.
Alshabani, Lama A.
Al kamaly, Omkulthom https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-4311
Halim, Michael K.
Abbas, Ahmed Emad F.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2026R917)
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve the recruitment of human participants, clinical intervention, or the collection of biological specimens by the authors. Blank human plasma was obtained as a commercially available, fully anonymized material from VACSERA (Giza, Egypt) and was used exclusively for preparation of spiked samples during analytical method development and validation. Because no identifiable human materials were collected directly for this study, formal ethical approval and informed consent were not required under the applicable institutional and national regulations. All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
