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Article History

Received: 27 September 2017

Accepted: 18 January 2018

First Online: 9 March 2018

Ethics approval

: The domestic animals used in this study met the definition of “farm animals”. They are not covered by French regulations to date (Décret 2013-118 dated the 1st February 2013, from the French Ministry of Agriculture). The owners of the animals provided permission for cattle sampling during our study. In order that breeding farms remained anonymous, samples were de-identified in this publication. The sampling of German cattle was performed for diagnostic purposes as 2011 was the first season the previously unknown Schmallenberg virus emerged and sickened cattle in Germany and in other European countries. The town of Schmallenberg where the virus was first detected and described is only 25 km away from our studied farm.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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