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Authors
de Villiers, Lourens
Schoeman, Johan P.
Penzhorn, Barend L.
Molini, Umberto
de Villiers, Mari
Makgabo, S. Marcus
Byaruhanga, Charles
Collins, Nicola E.
Thompson, Peter N.
Zealand, Samantha
Stoltsz, Wilhelm H.
Baines, Ian J. M.
Khaiseb, Siegfried
Oosthuizen, Marinda C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agricultural Sector Education Authority (No. N02001, 2022–2024)
Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (No. A0Y104, 2021)
IDEXX Laboratories South Africa (2022)
Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (No. 2901, 2022)
University of Pretoria Pathobiology Research theme (No. N18344, 2022)
University of Pretoria postgraduate bursary (2021–2023)
South African Veterinary Foundation (2022)
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was performed in accordance with the conditions of the Research Ethics committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (no. REC171-21), the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Pretoria (no. REC171-21) and the Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia (no. NEC0001). Exemption under Sect. 20 of the Animal Disease Act 35 of 1984 was granted by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, South Africa (no. 12/11/12 (2144NC)).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
