Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 March 2025

Accepted: 31 July 2025

First Online: 11 August 2025

Change Date: 7 December 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Following original publication, WUR (Wageningen University & Research) has been removed fromaffiliation 2: the authors with affiliation 2 are not affiliated with WUR.

Declarations

:

: In Tanzania, the President’s Office, Regional Administration, and Local Governments authorized the research under permit number AB.307/323/01/192. The principal investigator received research permit no CST00000270-2023-2024-00302 from the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) to collaborate with the Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority (TPHPA) in Arusha. In Uganda, ticks were collected from cattle with the owners’ written informed consent. The School of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the study protocol (SVAR_IACUC-181/2024), along with the National Council for Science and Technology [Approval number: NS843ES]. Ticks were collected according to internationally accepted standards for animal welfare.

: Not applicable.

: The first author of this paper is the CEO of TBD International, a company based in the Netherlands with an interest in commercializing the rapid test.