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Authors
Nounagnon, Judicael
Gbegbo, Martial
Agbevo, Abel
Vigninou, Estelle
N’dombidjé, Boris
Ngufor, Corine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,United States (INV-023420)
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 31 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health in Benin (CNERS; Approval No. 53, issued 17 November 2021) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (Ref: 26429). Written informed consent was obtained from all human volunteer sleepers prior to participation. To mitigate the risk of malaria infection, all volunteers were provided with a full course of chemoprophylaxis for the duration of the study and for 4 weeks following its completion. Approval for the use of guinea pigs in tunnel tests was granted by the LSHTM Animal Welfare and Ethics Review Board (Ref: 2020-01). Guinea pig colonies were housed and maintained at the CREC/LSHTM facility in accordance with standard operating procedures aligned with national and international regulations on the ethical use of animals in scientific research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
