Phang, Wei Kit
Jeyaprakasam, Nantha Kumar
Pramasivan, Sandthya
Suli, Zailiza Binti
Tam, Jenn Zhueng
Hamid, Mohd Hafizi Bin Abdul
Abdullah, Mohd Lutfi Bin
Rohimly, Anis Adlina Binti Isman
Ashrat, Norsharina Binti
Chuang, Ting-Wu
Nguitragool, Wang
Vythilingam, Indra
Lau, Yee Ling
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University (International Postdoctoral Fellowship 2024)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK13/UKM/02/1)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (LRGS/1/2018/UM/01/1/3)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (LRGS/1/2018/UM/01/1/4)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC113-2314-B-038-088-MY2)
National Institutes of Health (U19AI181583 (IF076-2024))
Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The protocol for human blood sampling was approved by the MREC, Ministry of Health, Malaysia (approval no. NMRR-15-67223975). The permission to conduct this research was obtained from the DWNP with the reference no. W-00256-15-19. The protocol for macaque sampling was approved by the UM IACUC (reference no. M/06122019/25022019-01/R). The protocol for mosquito HLC was approved by the MREC, Ministry of Health, Malaysia (approval no. NMRR-19-962-47606).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.