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Authors
Kleinschmidt, Hayden
Stone, Nathan E.
Ballard, Rebecca
Thornton, Natalie B.
Pemberton, Grant L.
Becker, Simone
Klafke, Guilherme M.
Wagner, David M.
Busch, Joseph D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Northern Arizona University (Hooper Undergraduate Research Award)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (478477/2013-9)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation (75D30122P13755)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Animal Use Ethics Committee (CEUA) of the IPVDF under protocol number 02/16, with the consent of the owners for tick collection in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
