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Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 25 October 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This simulation study did not directly use any human case data and used previously published model parameterisation from other publicly available modelling articles. No new data collection took place within the scope of this modelling study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors and their research group (HAT MEPP) collaborate with some members of the WHO HAT-e-TAG as part of their work with respect to HAT elimination, and KSR and SAS have also attended WHO HAT Stakeholder meetings. HAT MEPP have had no influence on the process of defining the WHO indicator of elimination of transmission and do not receive any direct reimbursement from any employees of the WHO or members of the HAT-e-TAG but some members of the HAT-e-TAG are also funded by the Gates Foundation under their respective projects. The HAT-e-TAG had no influence on the analysis in this paper, although members of the HAT-e-TAG were amongst those asked for their opinion on selecting the name for the indicator we called "Last transmission event". Additionally, the final draft of the paper was shared with the WHO HAT team as a courtesy since, while this paper does not directly use data from the HAT Atlas, the team did provide the data which was used to generate the parameterisations (previously published) which we used in this paper.