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Authors
Pomari, Elena
Webster, Bonnie L.
Locatelli, Elena
Álvarez-Martínez, Miriam J.
Arsuaga, Marta
Bottieau, Emmanuel
Bouchaud, Olivier
Camprubi-Ferrer, Daniel
Concu, Maura
de Miguel Buckley, Rosa
Koelewijn, Rob
Marangoni, Davide
Marteau, Anthony
Nickel, Beatrice
Rothe, Camilla
Salvador, Fernando
Schunk, Mirjam
Goterris, Lidia
Van Esbroeck, Marjan
van Hellemond, Jaap J.
Wammes, Linda J.
Zammarchi, Lorenzo
Pettene, Sofia
Rizzi, Eleonora
Scarso, Salvatore
Gobbi, Federico G.
Tamarozzi, Francesca
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Research Grant 2021)
Ministero della Salute (Fondi “Ricerca Corrente” - L2 to IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar)
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Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov;registration code NCT06311344. It was approved by the ethics committee of the coordinating centre, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Negrar, Verona, Italy; Ethics Committee of Verona and Rovigo provinces, protocol no. 21711 of 12 April 2021) and of the other participating centres (Supplementary Text S1). Deidentified data were obtained from medical records. According to the ethics requirements of each centre, the samples were either derived from patients who consented in writing to the storage and use for research purposes of their biological samples, or from material authorized for use for research purposes by the competent ethics committee.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
