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Authors
Klass, Luise Grace
Krücken, Jürgen
Mbedi, Susan
Sparmann, Sarah
Schenk, Thore
Andreotti, Sandro
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (033W034A)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RTG 2046, 251133687)
Freie Universität Berlin
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: In accordance with established guidelines, ethical approval was not required for this study, as the research exclusively used environmental samples. All of the owners voluntarily allowed participation of their animals in this study, were informed about all of the procedures and further processing of the collected data, and gave their consent for the data to be published.
: GvSH declares that he has worked repeatedly as a consultant for different veterinary pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies. He currently has several ongoing research collaborations with various companies. All of the other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
