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Authors
Xiao, Weiwei
Liu, Xiaoshen
Du, Lei
Tian, Yuan
Li, Chenxing
Ren, Li
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 28 December 2025
Declarations
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: As this study utilized publicly accessible data from the 2021 GBD, formal ethics approval was waived by the institutional ethics committee. This study was conducted in strict accordance with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Since all data were publicly available, neither ethics committee approval nor informed consent was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
