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Authors
Zé-Zé, Líbia
Borges, Vítor
Gouveia, Bruna Raquel
Cox, Victoria Mary
Silva, Manuel
Santos, João Dourado
Alves, José
Hinsley, Wes
Freitas, Inês Campos
Sobral, Daniel
Fernandes, Rita
Amaro, Fátima
Gomes, João Paulo
Osório, Hugo Costa
Faria, Nuno Rodrigues
Alves, Maria João
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (Dengue and Zika Immunology and Genomics Multi-Country Network (DeZi Network) 316633/Z/24/Z)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0059/2020, FCT/MCTES UIB/00211/2020 – DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00211, FCT/MCTES UIP/00211/2020 – DOI 10.54499/UIDP/00211)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0083/2020, 10.54499/UIDP/50009/2020, and 10.54499/UIDB/50009/2020)
European Commission (DURABLE “Research Network against Epidemics” -EC/ EU4Health Programme 101102733)
European Commission (“Sustainable use and integration of enhanced infrastructure into routine genome-based surveillance and outbreak investigation activities in Portugal” – GENEO 101113460)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: The Portuguese National Institute of Health (NIH) is authorised by the Portuguese authorities (the General Directorate of Health and the Authority for Working Conditions) to handle and propagate Risk Group 2 and 3 microorganisms. This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and is covered by ethical approval issued by the Ethics Committee (Comissão de Ética para a Saúde) of the Portuguese National Health Institute. No special permits were required for the field studies. Consent was obtained from the property owners for mosquito collection in private residential areas, and with the knowledge and permission of the relevant authority in public areas. No sites were legally protected, and no endangered or protected species were involved in this study.
: Patients’ information was anonymised to ensure their privacy, and written informed consent for the publication of these data was obtained from all patients (both the adult patient and the parent of the child patient).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
