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Authors
Anetul, Evodia
Johnson, Petrina
Vinit, Rebecca
Bubun, Nakei
Kiari, Kiari
Absalom, Rowena
Aulim, Daniel
Daly, Paul
Koinari, Melanie
Raffaelli, Tiziano
Richardson, Jason H.
Macdonald, Michael
Kisomb, Jacob
Ome-Kaius, Maria
Laman, Moses
Robinson, Leanne J.
Karl, Stephan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Centre for Health Security
National Health and Medical Research Council
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 22 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethics approval from the PNG Medical Research Advisory Committee (approval no. 20.19), the PNGIMR Institutional Review Board (approval no. 2005) and the Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee in Australia (approval no. 582/20).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
