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Presence of localized elevated metabolic enzymes and kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene indicate early evidence of resistance of Phlebotomus argentipes to alpha-cypermethrin in Bihar, India

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-026-07339-8

Published Online: 2026-03-31

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shukla, Ashish

Chaubey, Rahul

Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar

Rai, Urvashi Geeta

Kumar, Rajiv

Petersen, Christine

Lawyer, Philip

Rowton, Edgar

Bernhardt, Scott A.

Sundar, Shyam
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Banaras Hindu University (IoE Seed Grant)

Banaras Hindu University (IoE Incentive Grant)

Indian Council of Medical Research
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-31

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-11
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Article History

Received: 26 November 2025

Accepted: 21 February 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: For this study, ethical permission (Letter No. Dean/2023/EC/6560) was obtained from the Institutional Review Committees of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Informed verbal consent was obtained from households and owners where CDC light traps were installed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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