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Authors
Zhai, Bintao
Bao, Bibo
Xie, Shi-chen
Yang, Hui
Liu, Yang
Wang, Weiwei
Zhou, Yaxin
Li, Bing
He, Junjun
Zhang, Jiyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Longyuan Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents Project (2024QNTD41)
the Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province (23JRRA562)
the National Nature Fund (32460890)
Innovation and Industrialization of New Anti-infective Veterinary Drugs for Livestock and Poultry (25FNNA001)
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: The animal experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute (LVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) (Protocol Permit Number: LVRIAEC-2018-006). Throughout the study, all procedures were conducted in strict compliance with the approved protocol to minimize animal suffering. The number of animals used was the minimum necessary to achieve statistically valid results, as determined by power analysis and in line with the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) principles for animal research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
