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Authors
Oliva, Gaetano
Bongiorno, Gioia
Ayhan, Nazli
Kolářová, Iva
Foglia-Manzillo, Valentina
Kirstein, Oscar David
Jelínková, Kristýna
Dvořáková, Barbora
Risueño, José
Verdú-Serrano, Elena
Pérez-Cutillas, Pedro
Cristóvão, José Manuel
Alcover Amengual, M. Magdalena
Arserim, Suha Kenan
Barandika Iza, Jesse
Cazapal, Cristiana
Cevidanes Miranda, Aitor
Cuadrado Matías, Raúl
Delacour Estrella, Sarah
Díaz-Sáez, Victoriano
Elbaz, Shirly
Fernández, Guillermo
Fisa, Roser
Garrido, Josefina
Gizzarelli, Manuela
Fortuna, Claudia
Scalone, Aldo
Mangiapelo, Claudia
Bernardini, Ilaria
Orsini, Stefania
Amendola, Antonello
Venturi, Giulietta
Di Muccio, Trentina
Kurum, Elif
Lucientes, Javier
Martínez, Yasmina
Martinković, Franjo
Martín-Sánchez, Joaquina
Morales-Yuste, Manuel
Nachum-Biala, Yaarit
Paz Silva, Adolfo
Pekağırbaş, Metin
Polina, Alejandro
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Fons, Francisco Ruiz
Sánchez Andrade, Rita
Torres-Llamas, Andrés
Yetişmiş, Kardelen
Živičnjak, Tatjana
Ivović, Vladimir
Baneth, Gad
Charrel, Remi
Özbel, Yusuf
Töz, Seray
Volf, Petr
Maia, Carla
Berriatua, Eduardo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission ; UKRI (101057690 , 10038150 , 10039289)
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 21 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with national and European legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (Directive 2010/63/EU). The study was observational and involved only routine veterinary procedures performed for diagnostic and health monitoring purposes. Sample collection was carried out by licensed veterinarians during scheduled clinical activities in the participating dog shelters, with no additional discomfort or risk for the animals. Ethical approval was not required according to current national regulations. Permission to access the shelters and to collect samples was obtained from the responsible authorities and shelter managers.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests. Some authors serve as Associate Editor for Parasites and Vectors but were not involved in the editorial or peer review process for this manuscript, which was handled independently by another member of the editorial team.
