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Authors
Foglia Manzillo, Valentina
Oliva, Gaetano
Castelli, Germano
Bruno, Federica
Rosenthal, Roberto
Montagnaro, Serena
Balestrino, Ines
La Rocca, Claudia
Colombo, Liliana
Gizzarelli, Manuela
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MSD-AH srl, Via Flli. Cervi snc, Centro Direzionale Milano Due, Palazzo Canova, 20090 Segrate Milano
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 30 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Naples Federico II (approval date: 21 April 2022; protocol no. 2022/0053098). Written informed consent was obtained from all dog owners prior to clinical examination, sample collection, vaccination, and data recording.
: Not applicable.
: Liliana Colombo is an employee of MSD Animal Health Italy. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests. MSD Animal Health had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the results, or manuscript preparation.
