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Authors
Shamsan, Emad
Chuanchuan, Liu
Haining, Fan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2020GXNSFAA297216)
Qinghai Science and Technology Department Project (2020-ZJ-Y01)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
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: All animal procedures were approved by the Experimental Committee of Qinghai University (approval no. QHDX-2023-09) and were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines. Human liver samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with AE at a cooperating hospital. The study protocol was approved by the relevant hospital and departmental ethics committees. All human samples and data were fully anonymised, and no personally identifiable information was collected or used.
: The requirement for consent for publication was waived by the ethics committee because the study used anonymised clinical samples and did not include any identifiable personal data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
