Rohdich, Nadja
Chiummo, Rafael
Zschiesche, Eva
Raulf, Marie-Kristin
Schwarz, Anna
McLoughlin, Anne
Schnyder, Manuela
Bocholt, Jenny Schulte
Merhof, Kristina
Mikić, Manon
Strube, Christina
Heinau, Lea
Funding for this research was provided by:
MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH
Article History
Received: 25 February 2026
Accepted: 14 June 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: These studies were conducted in compliance with local and national regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: NR, EZ and LH are employees of MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH. RC is an employee of MSD Saúde Animal, and worked at MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH at the time of study conduct. MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH commissioned studies 2 and 4 to the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, where CS, MKR and AS work, and studies 1 and 3 to Iorras Product Development Ltd, a contract research organization, managed by AM. MS works at the University of Zürich, where the serological analysis was conducted on behalf of MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH.