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Authors
Gervas, Hamenyimana E.
Mayengo, Maranya M.
Chacky, Frank
Mlacha, Yeromin P.
Ngowo, Halfan S.
Okumu, Fredros O.
Selvaraj, Prashanth
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-047049)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 30 July 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate and publish: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI/IRB/EXT/No: 44-2024) and from the Medical Research Coordination Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Tanzania (NIMR/HQ/R.8c/Vol.I/2937). Consent to publish was obtained from NIMR (Ref. No. BD.242/437/01C/184).
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
