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Authors
Heylen, Dieter J. A.
Ledegen, Ignace
Grimon, Marc
Reteng, Patrick
Hübschen, Judith M.
Krawczyk, Aleksandra Iwona
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G052422N)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2026
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This was a parasite survey study with no experimental intervention. As such, circumstances met the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (Council for the International Organizations of Medical Sciences). Bird capturing and handling were permitted by licenses of the Flemish Ministry (ANB/BL-FF/V24-00025 and ANB/BL-FF/V22-00019).
Consent of publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
