Pshea-Smith, Ian A.
Okech, Bernard A.
Boncy, Jacques
Existe, Alexandre
So, John
Hamilton, Theron
Blanton, Jason
Matulis, Graham A.
Metrailer, Morgan C.
Cleary, Nora G.
Dunford, James C.
Koehler, Jeffrey W.
Blackburn, Jason K.
von Fricken, Michael E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
DoD Information Analysis Center Program Management Office (DoD IAC PMO) and the Navy and Marine Corps Force Health Protection Command (Contract No. FA807518D0005-FA807523F0016)
Battelle Memorial Institute’s contract with the Information Analysis Center Multiple Award Contract (No. FA807518D0005-FA807523F0016: Ongoing Force Health Protection (FHP) Analysis, Assessment, and Evaluation for Navy and Marine Corps Force Health Protection Command)
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (AFHSB), Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Section (P0154_24_EC and P0118-24-RD)
Article History
Received: 6 May 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 9 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.