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Authors
Li, Shuaichen
Siengdee, Puntita
Hadlich, Frieder
Trakooljul, Nares
Oster, Michael
Reyer, Henry
Wimmers, Klaus
Ponsuksili, Siriluck
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Forschungsinstitut für Nutztierbiologie (FBN)
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Animal Care Committee of the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology and subject to the approved guidelines for safeguarding good scientific practice according to German Research Foundation (DFG). The measures were taken to minimize pain and discomfort and match with the guidelines laid down by the European Directive 2010/63/EU. The animals underwent no experimental treatment, diagnostic sampling, or any other intervention before slaughter. Animal handling was in line with applicable laws, relevant guidelines, and provisions for ethical regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
