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Article History

Received: 27 September 2019

Accepted: 5 May 2020

First Online: 19 May 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Patients analyzed were part of a UCSD Institutional Review Board-approved trial called PREDICT (NCT02478931). The validation cohort [] was composed of thirty-two NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab (starting from 2012 to 2013) at Memorial Sloan Kettering and the University of California Los Angeles according to protocol NCT01295827. All validation patients had consented to Institutional Review Board-approved protocols regarding tissue collection and sequencing. Both protocols permit collection of genomic and related data and its analysis and reporting at any point during the study period. Written consents were obtained, and this study was performed in accordance with UCSD Institutional Review Board guidelines for data analysis and for any investigational treatments. This research conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

: Written consent was obtained per protocol for all patients included in this study. Our protocol allows publication of de-identified data.

: Dr. Goodman receives speaking fees from Seattle Genetics and consulting fees from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, EUSA Pharma, and Kyowa Kirin. Dr. Frampton and Dr. Sokol are employees and equity holders of Foundation Medicine. Dr. Kurzrock receives research funding from Genentech, Merck, Serono, Pfizer, Sequenom, Foundation Medicine, Konica Minolta, Grifols, and Guardant, as well as consultant fees from X Biotech, Loxo, Neomed, and Actuate Therapeutics, and speaker fees from Roche, and has an ownership interest in IDbyDNA and CureMatch Inc. Paul Riviere receives funding from Peptide Logic LLC. Dr. Kato serves as a consultant for Foundation Medicine. Dr. Pyke is an employee of Personalis, Inc. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.