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Article History

Received: 2 March 2020

Accepted: 27 April 2021

First Online: 31 May 2021

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Institutional Review Board (Protocol No.12-245). The research was conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for the study and publication of the de-identified results.

: All participants granted consent for the publication of the de-identified results.

: D.W.Y.T received honoraria from Nanodigmbio, Cowen, and BoA Merrill Lynch; research funding from ThermoFisher Scientific, EPIC Sciences, and Prostate Cancer Foundation; travel, accommodations, and expenses from Nanodigmbio at the time of the study. D.W.Y.T. is an inventor of multiple patent applications related to cancer nucleic acids diagnostics. D.W.Y.T is currently an employee of PetDx, Inc.M. L. C. consulting/advisory for AstraZeneca, Inivata. Honoraria: The Lynx Group (supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb), PCME (supported by Roche and Lilly), WebMD (supported by AstraZeneca). Travel/accommodation funding: Allergan, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, Natera, Guardant, and AstraZeneca.D.S.P is a consultant for Jounce Therapeutics and Pyxis Oncology.M.L. received honoraria from Merck, research funding from Loxo (Inst), Helsinn Therapeutics; served consulting or advisory role for National Comprehensive Cancer Network/AstraZeneca Tagrisso RFP Advisory Committee, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, and Merck.S.A.F received research funding from Genentech/Roche, AstraZeneca, Decibel Therapeutics.Stock/Equity Ownership: Urogen Pharma, Allogene Therapeutics, Kronos Bio, Vida Ventures, Kite Pharma, Neogene Therapeutics.B.T.L has served as an uncompensated advisor and consultant to Amgen, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi Sankyo and has received consulting fees from Guardant Health and Hengrui Therapeutics. He has received research grants to his institution from Amgen, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, Illumina, GRAIL, Guardant Health, Hengrui Therapeutics, MORE Health, and Bolt Biotherapeutics. He has received academic travel support from Resolution Bioscience, MORE Health, and Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine. He is an inventor on two institutional patents at MSK and has intellectual property rights as a book author at Karger Publishers.J.E.R. received honoraria from UpToDate, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Medscape, Vindico, Peerview, Chugai Pharma, Research To Practice, Intellisphere, Clinical Care Options, and Clinical Mind; research funding from Oncogenex (Inst), Agensys (Inst), Mirati Therapeutics (Inst), Novartis (Inst), Viralytics (Inst), Genentech (Inst), Incyte (Inst), Seattle Genetics (Inst), Bayer (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst), QED Therapeutics (Inst), Astellas Pharma (Inst), and Jounce Therapeutics (Inst); patents, royalties, and other intellectual property from Predictor of platinum sensitivity (Inst); travel accommodations, and expenses from Genentech, Bristol-Myers Squibb; and serves a consulting or advisory role for Lilly, Merck, Agensys, Genentech, Sanofi, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Seattle Genetics, Bayer, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, BioClin Therapeutics, QED Therapeutics, Adicet Bio, Sensei Biotherapeutics, Fortress Biotech, Pharmacyclics, Western Oncolytics, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Oncology, and Astellas Pharma.A.W. received honoraria from CARET. He perform consulting or advisory role for Clovis Oncology, Janssen, MOREHealth, and ORIC Pharmaceuticals; receive research funding from AstraZeneca, Zenith Epigenetics, Clovis Oncology, and GlaxoSmithKline; and receive travel accommodations and expenses from GlaxoSmithKline, Clovis Oncology, and ORIC Pharmaceuticals.H.I. Scher received research funding from EPIC Sciences, Illumina, Inc., Menarini Silicon Biosystems, ThermoFisher Scientific, Janssen, R&D, Janssen Biotech, Prostate Cancer Foundation; travel accommodations and expenses from Ambry Genetics, Amgen, and Prostate Cancer Foundation and other expenses from Bayer, Clovis Oncology, and Menarini Silicon Biosystems. H. I. served as consultant or advisory role for Ambry Genetics, Amgen, Bayer, EPIC Sciences, ESSA Pharma, Janssen R&D, Janssen Biotech, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, and WCG Oncology.D.E.R. received research funding from Janssen, Celgene, Ferring, Novartis, Taiho, Tracon, AstraZeneca, and Genentech/Roche and serve as uncompensated consultant for Janssen, Tracon, AztraZeneca, Genentech, and Bayer.M.F.B. has participated in consulting activities with Roche and received research support from Illumin and Grail, all unrelated to this study.D.B.S. has served a consulting or advisory role to Loxo Oncology, Lilly Oncology, Illumina, Vividion Therapeutics, Scorpion Therapeutics, and Pfizer.M.F.B, D.W.Y.T, J.P., M.H., P.S., and B.H.L. are co-inventors on a provisional patent application for systems and methods for detecting cancer via cfDNA screening (PCT/US2019/027487). DT is inventor on a provisional patent application for systems and methods for distinguishing pathological mutations from clonal hematopoietic mutations in plasma cell-free DNA by fragment size analysis.The remaining authors declare no competing interests.