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Article History

Received: 3 June 2020

Accepted: 10 September 2021

First Online: 10 October 2021

Declarations

:

: Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant and randomly generated ID codes were assigned to all samples thereby preserving the participant’s anonymity and privacy. This study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRB) at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the University of Chicago (IRB Project Number: STU00016917). All research procedures conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.For the replication studies in the URECA cohort, written informed consent was obtained from each parent and assent was obtained from the children. Randomly generated ID codes were assigned to all study subjects and samples thereby preserving the participant’s anonymity and privacy. This study was approved by the institutional review boards at each participating site (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Columbia University, Boston University, Washington University, and Johns Hopkins University) and a central IRB (Western IRB) for the Inner City Asthma Consortium (IRB Project Number: IRB19-0046).For the replication studies in the Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans (EVA-PR) study, written parental consent and assent were obtained from participants < 18 years old, and consent was obtained from participants ≥ 18 years old. This study was approved by the IRBs of the University of Puerto Rico (San Juan, PR; IRB Project Number: 0160713) and the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA; IRB Project Number: PRO14010428).

: Not applicable

: A.K. received a gift for his research from Lyra Therapeutics J.E.G. has received grants from the NIH; is a paid consultant for AstraZeneca, Meissa Vaccines Inc., and Gossamer Bio; and has stock options in Meissa Vaccines Inc. D.J.J. declares personal fees from Novartis, GSK, Pfizer, Sanofi, Regeneron, Astra Zeneca, and Vifor Pharma. Grant funding from NIAID, NHLBI, and GSK. J.C.C. received research materials from Pharmavite (vitamin D and placebo capsules) and Merck and GSK (inhaled steroids) in order to provide medications free of cost to participants in NIH-funded studies, unrelated to the current work. R.P.S. reports consulting fees from Intersect ENT, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, AstraZeneca/Medimmune, Genentech, Actobio Therapeutics, Lyra Therapeutics, Astellas Pharma, Allakos, and Otsuka. R.P.S. also receives royalties from Siglec-8 and Siglec-8 ligand-related patents licensed by Johns Hopkins to Allakos Inc. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.