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Article History

Received: 24 July 2023

Accepted: 12 September 2023

First Online: 4 October 2023

Declarations

:

: Written informed consent was obtained for all assessment before the start of the study []. The study was conducted in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the University of Lübeck, as well as local committees of consortium members []. More details on the recruitment and phenotype ascertainment protocols used in the EMIF-AD dataset can be found in Bos et al. [].

: Not applicable.

: FB is on the steering committee or iDMC member for Biogen, Merck, Roche, EISAI, and Prothena. consultant for Roche, Biogen, Merck, IXICO, Jansen, Combinostics, has research agreements with Merck, Biogen, GE Healthcare, Roche, and is co-founder and shareholder of Queen Square Analytics LTD; HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Alector, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, Biogen, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). AL is on the editorial board of Neurology and Brain Communications, has served at scientific advisory boards from Fujirebio-Europe, Nutricia, Roche-Genentech, Biogen, Grifols, and Roche Diagnostics, and has filed a patent application of synaptic markers in neurodegenerative diseases. D.A. participated in advisory boards from Fujirebio-Europe and Roche Diagnostics and received speaker honoraria from Fujirebio-Europe, Roche Diagnostics, Nutricia, Krka Farmacéutica S.L., Zambon S.A.U., and Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A. D.A. declares a filed patent application (WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease). SL is currently an employee of Janssen Medical Ltd (UK), a co-founder of Akrivia Health Ltd (UK) and within the past 5 years has filed patents related to biomarkers unrelated to the current work and advised or given lectures for Merck, Optum Labs, and Eisai as well as having received grant funding from multiple companies as part of EU IMI programs and from Astra Zeneca. JP received consultation honoraria from Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Ono Pharma, OM Pharma, and Fujirebio, unrelated to the submitted work. SE has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Danone, icometrix, Novartis, Nutricia, and Roche and received unrestricted research grants from Janssen Pharmaceutica and ADx Neurosciences (paid to institution). JR was an employee at GSK and currently an employee at the MSD London Discovery Centre, U.K. CC has received research support from: GSK and EISAI. CC is a member of the advisory board of Vivid Genomics and Circular Genomics and owns stocks. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.