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Authors
Goldswain, Hannah
Penrice-Randal, Rebekah
Donovan-Banfield, I’ah
Duffy, Craig W.
Dong, Xiaofeng
Randle, Nadine
Ryan, Yan
Rzeszutek, Aleksandra M.
Pilgrim, Jack
Keyser, Emma
Weller, Simon A.
Hutley, Emma J.
Hartley, Catherine
Prince, Tessa
Darby, Alistair C.
Aye Maung, Niall
Nwume, Henry
Hiscox, Julian A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-0275
Emmett, Stevan R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (75F40120C00085)
Medical Research Council (MR/W005611/1, MR/Y004205/1)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2023
Accepted: 4 July 2024
First Online: 16 July 2024
Declarations
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: During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency public health and workforce protection measures were in place, so health surveillance was undertaken to prevent and manage transmission risk and morbidity. As part of these health surveillance measures, subjects consented to routine nasopharyngeal swab COVID-19 analysis and regular self-report of symptoms and signs such that disease outbreak could be prevented or controlled. In the UK, such public health surveillance measures do not require Research Ethics Committee review (UK Health Research Agency Guidance (hra-decisiontools.org.uk)). The Senior Medical Advisor is the sample database owner; all samples and clinical data were fully anonymised to the research team. All samples and data were GDPR compliant and the study conformed to the principles defined in the Declaration of Helsinki as adopted at the 64th WMA General Assembly at Fortaleza, Brazil in October 2013.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
