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Article History

Received: 31 July 2023

Accepted: 18 September 2024

First Online: 9 October 2024

Declarations

:

: Fresh tumor samples were obtained from CRC patients for generation of PDOs or PDXs under the PROFILING protocol (No. 001-IRCC-00IIS-10, version 11.0, updated July 13, 2022, Review Board of the Fondazione del Piemonte per l’Oncologia FPO—IRCCS) or the AlfaOmega Master Observational Trial (NCT04120935, approved by the Institutional Review Board of Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. No. IFOM CPO003/2018/PO002_ALFA-OMEGA, version 2.0, updated November 2021). All patients signed written informed consent for either study. Procedures involving human specimens were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. PDXs implantation was conducted following the European Union’s animal care directive (2010/63/EU) and was approved by the Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO IRCCS Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and by the Italian Ministry of Health (authorization 37/2022-PR) and complied with all relevant ethical regulations.

: Not applicable.

: F.D.N. has received speaker’s fees from Illumina and Pierre Fabre outside of the submitted work. A.Bard. reports receiving grants/research support from Neophore, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and honoraria/consultation fees from Guardant Health. A.B. is a stock shareholder of Neophore and Kither Biotech. A.B. is an advisory board member for Neophore. L.B. is currently an employee of Biocartis NV. D.O. is currently an employee of AstraZeneca. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.