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Authors
Zhang, Yibo
Liu, Shilong
Chen, Jun
Chen, Ruanqi
Yang, Zijian
Sheng, Ruyu
Li, Xin
Wang, Taolue
Liu, Hongyu
Yang, Fan
Ying, Jianming
Yang, Lin
Sun, Jie
Zhou, Meng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2024-I2M-C&T-A-005)
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (C2024L01)
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committees of each participating institution, including the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number 22/250-3452), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (approval number IRB2024-YX-045-01), and Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (approval number KY2022-57). The waiver of written informed consent was granted from the above ethics committees in accordance with ethical guidelines for retrospective research because this research involved the retrospective analysis of existing, anonymized patient data collected during routine clinical care with no new specimens collected and no personally identifying information recorded.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
