Bakur, Khadijah
Hamid, Halima
Alhaddad, Bader
Alfadhel, Majid
Alhashem, Amal
Eyaid, Wafaa
Alanzi, Talal
Al Mutairi, Fuad
Alswaid, Abdulrahman
Ababneh, Farouq
Al Ghamdi, Malak
Mohamed, Sarar
Alaskar, Ahmed
Alqahtani, Farjah
Alzaidan, Hamad
Al-Owain, Mohammed
Faqeih, Eissa A.
Mushiba, Aziza M.
Alanazi, Rola
Almoallem, Basamat
Alsaleh, Norah Saleh
Al Tala, Saeed
Alshammari, Muneera
Turkistani, Alyazeed
Gosadi, Ghadah
Hakami, Fahad
Alobaid, Fahad
Al Rukban, Hadeel
Alfaidi, Ahmed
Ba-Abbad, Rola
Almuqbil, Mohammed A.
Al-Boukai, Ahmad
Alamri, Abdulrahman Saad
Alshehri, Ali
Sulaiman, Raashda A.
Almontasheri, Ali
Danish, Enam
AlSagheir, Afaf
Aljeaid, Deema
Al-Awam, Bashayer S.
Shawli, Aiman
Al-Otaibi, Maha
Majdali, Wed Sameer
Azher, Zohor Asaad
Almannai, Mohammed
Baalawi, Wail
,
Baazeem, Abdulaziz
Alsultan, Abdulrahman
AlTahan, Abdulrahman
Hummadi, AbdulRahman
AlBadawi, Ahmed
AlAsmari, Ali
Aldakheel, Amaal
Awaji, Ali
Alghamdi, Bader
Zahid, Basma
Bubshait, Dalal K.
Mohammed, Dia Ali Arafah
Bagrayn, Elham
Abdulwahab, Firdous
Algahtani, Hussein A
Alluhaydan, Iram A
Kari, Jameela A.
Alhajji, Mahmoud
Labani, Mai
Hashem, Mais O.
Aljack, Moayed
Alzawahmah, Mohamed
Mahnashi, Mohammed A
Tohary, Mohammed Ali
Elsunni, Mohd
Fouda, Mona A
Algarni, Nizar
Al-Sannaa, Nouriya Abbas
Alzahrani, Ohoud
Yousef, Omar Abu
Abdulaty, Omnia Ahmed
Bohlega, Saeed
Abdullah, Sameer
Abu-Harbesh, Saud
Alqarawi, Wael
Housawi, Yousef
AlArfaj, Zainab
AlAbdi, Lama
Benoukraf, Touati
Alkuraya, Fowzan S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Salman Center for Disability Research through Excellence Research Center (No. KSCDR-ERC-2024-02)
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
:
: This study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1996) and was approved by the IRB with a waiver of consent by the Ethics Committee at the Office of Research Affairs, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, and Research Center (KFSHRC RAC# 2230016) for the use of aggregated data. Ethical approval was also granted by Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA) Institutional Review Board (KAIMRC RC19/120/R).
: Written informed consent was obtained from participants and/or their legal guardians for the publication of possible identifiable clinical details and identifiable facial images, in accordance with IRB-approved protocols (KFSHRC RAC# 2080006 and KAIMRC RC19/120/R).
: KB, HH, BA, AA, MA, WB and FSA are paid employees and TB is a paid consultant of Lifera Omics.