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Authors
Dombrowsky, Gregor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-2682
van der Laan, Liselot https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-8665
Silva, Ananília https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-9676
Breckpot, Jeroen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-5154
Audain, Enrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-7840
Wilsdon, Anna
Levy, Michael A.
Vos, Niels https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-3426
Mannens, Marcel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-119X
Wang, Jiao
Jain, Anjali
Lesurf, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-1491
Winlaw, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-3361
Bezzina, Connie R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-3514
Thomas, Mary Ann https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8855-7445
Caliebe, Almuth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2157-425X
Klaassen, Sabine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-9912
Berger, Felix https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-1557
Dittrich, Sven https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8455-3416
Stiller, Brigitte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-4647
Abdul-Khaliq, Hashim
Dähnert, Ingo
Bu’Lock, Frances
Loughna, Siobhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-1438
Brook, J. David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5946-6740
Mital, Seema https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-4484
Russell, Robert B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-4717
Pickardt, Thomas
Bauer, Ulrike
Kramer, Hans-Heiner
Uebing, Anselm https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-0228
Henneman, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-7808
Sadikovic, Bekim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-0016
Postma, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-2487
Hitz, Marc-Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-6897
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Western University Research Ethics Board (REB116108, and REB106302), The Medical Ethical Committee (METC) of the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC (NL48529.018.14). This study was approved under the ethics approval (EA2/131/10) Berlin, Germany. We obtained written informed consent from the participants or their substitute decision maker to publish patients’ clinical and genetic information. Institutional Research Ethics Boards of The Hospital for Sick Children, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and Kompetenznetz Angeborene Herzfehler gave ethics approval for the collection and use of biospecimens through respective registries i.e. The Heart Centre Biobank (Ontario, Canada), CONCOR (Amsterdam, Netherlands), Kids Heart BioBank (Sydney, Australia) and German Heart Registry (Berlin, Germany). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all patients and/or their parents/legal guardians. This study protocols adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: BS is a shareholder in EpiSign Inc. SM is on the Advisory Board of Bristol Myers Squibb, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, and Tenaya Therapeutics. All other authors declare not to have any competing interests.
