Ourailidis, Iordanis
Ball, Markus
Vogel, Vanessa
He, Min
Wang, Hairong
Kim, Stella Beomseo
Böning, Sarah
Wollenberg, Barbara
Wolff, Klaus Dietrich
Steiger, Katja
Mogler, Carolin
Duensing, Anette
Duensing, Stefan
Schirmacher, Peter
Stenzinger, Albrecht
Gires, Olivier
Kazdal, Daniel
Kirchner, Martina
Stögbauer, Fabian
Boxberg, Melanie
Budczies, Jan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Analysis of the in-house spatial transcriptomics cohort generated for this study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was authorized by the ethics commission of the University Hospital Rechts der Isar (vote 2023-543-S-SB) with the participants providing written informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: Carolin Mogler declares receiving honoraria for lectures from BMS and Stellas, and serving on advisory boards for MSD. Daniel Kazdal received personal and speaker fees from Agilent, AstraZeneca, BMS, Illumina, Incyte, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda and Taiho. Albrecht Stenzinger has received advisory boards from Agilent, Aignostics, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eli Lilly, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Qlucore, Roche, Seagen, Takeda, Thermo Fisher, and grants from Bayer, BMS, Chugai, Incyte, outside the submitted work. Jan Budczies reports grants from German Cancer Aid and consulting from MSD, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.