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Article History

Received: 29 July 2025

Accepted: 28 March 2026

First Online: 18 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee (reference 18/WM/0316) and all study participants provided written consent upon joining the study. This research conformed with the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research.

: Not applicable.

: Professor Rosalind Eeles has the following conflicts of interest to declare: Honoraria from GU-ASCO, Janssen, University of Chicago, Dana Farber Cancer Institute USA as a speaker. Educational honorarium from Bayer and Ipsen, member of external expert committee to Astra Zeneca UK and member of Active Surveillance Movember Committee. She is a member of the SAB of Our Future Health. She undertakes private practice as a sole trader at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and 90 Sloane Street SW1 × 9PQ and 280 Kings Road SW3 4NX, London, UK.Sarah Wakerell, Dan Burns and Zsofia Kote-Jarai are inventors on a recently filed GB priority patent application related to the methods described in this manuscript. At the time of publication, the patent application was owned by the ICR and not licensed or optioned to any organisation.The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.